Lawmakers in 24 US states are considering legislation that would allow residents to install small, plug-in solar systems on balconies, porches, and in backyards to generate limited amounts of electricity for personal use.
The proposed bills focus on so-called “plug-in” or “balcony solar” systems, which connect directly to standard wall outlets and typically generate up to 1,200 watts of power. These systems usually cost around $2,000 and can supply electricity for small household needs, such as powering appliances or reducing grid consumption during daylight hours.
Utah enacted the first such law in 2025, allowing residents to install plug-in solar systems without prior utility approval. Since then, similar proposals have emerged in 23 additional states, including California and New York. If adopted, the measures would remove regulatory barriers that currently limit installation of small, consumer-owned solar devices.
Supporters argue the approach offers a low-cost way for households to offset electricity usage without requiring rooftop installations or professional electrical work. The systems are significantly less expensive than traditional rooftop solar installations, which typically cost about $20,000.
Utilities and safety regulators have raised concerns related to wiring compatibility, fire risk, and certification standards. Several utilities and industry groups have called for clear national safety requirements before widespread adoption. Many of the state proposals require plug-in solar systems to meet certification standards developed by nationally recognized testing laboratories.
While not all of the proposed bills are expected to pass, the legislative activity reflects growing interest in small-scale, consumer-owned electricity generation as states evaluate options to expand distributed energy resources.